Introduction
The internet is a global network of computers and servers that communicate with each other using standardized communication protocols. It enables users to access vast amounts of information and communicate with other users from around the world. The internet is an essential tool for businesses, governments, and individuals and has become an integral part of daily life.
Definition of the Internet
The internet is a vast network of interconnected computer networks that communicate with each other using standardized communication protocols, such as TCP/IP. It enables users to access and share information, communicate with others, and conduct business. The internet is a decentralized network, meaning that it has no central controlling authority and is instead governed by a set of globally accepted protocols and standards.
Distinguishing Between Internet and Intranet
An intranet is a private network that is used within an organization to share information and resources. Unlike the internet, which is a global network accessible to anyone with an internet connection, an intranet is only accessible to authorized users within an organization. An intranet is designed to be secure and allows organizations to share information, collaborate, and conduct business within a closed network.
Working of the Internet
The internet is a complex network that consists of several interconnected components. To understand how the internet works, we need to understand the various components that make up the network, including end systems and routers, backbone and access networks, and ISP.
How the Internet Works
When you access the internet, your device connects to an internet service provider (ISP), which in turn connects to the backbone network. The backbone network is made up of high-speed fiber optic cables that connect different ISPs and large networks together.
When you request a web page or file, your device sends a request to the server hosting the content. The server sends the requested data back to your device, and the data is displayed on your screen.
The data is broken down into small packets and sent across the internet using a common set of protocols, such as TCP and IP. Routers determine the best path for the packets to travel based on the destination address and network conditions.
Access networks, such as DSL and cable modem connections, provide internet access to homes and businesses. These networks connect to the ISP, which in turn connects to the backbone network
End Systems and Routers
End systems are devices that connect to the internet, such as personal computers, smartphones, and servers. End systems communicate with each other using standardized communication protocols, such as TCP/IP. Routers are networking devices that connect multiple end systems and enable them to communicate with each other.
When an end system wants to communicate with another end system, it sends a packet of data to the router. The router then reads the destination address in the packet and forwards it to the appropriate next hop router. This process continues until the packet reaches its destination.
Backbone and Access Networks
The backbone network is a high-speed network that connects multiple routers and provides the primary communication path for data transfer between end systems. The backbone network consists of fiber optic cables and high-speed routers that enable data to be transmitted quickly and efficiently.
Access networks are the networks that connect end systems to the backbone network. Access networks can be wired or wireless and can use various technologies, such as DSL, cable modem, or fiber optic. Access networks enable end systems to connect to the internet and communicate with other end systems.
ISP
An ISP (Internet Service Provider) is a company that provides internet access to end users. ISPs provide various types of internet connections, such as DSL, cable modem, or fiber optic. ISPs also provide other services, such as email, web hosting, and domain registration.
When a user subscribes to an internet service, the ISP provides them with a unique IP address, which enables them to connect to the internet and communicate with other end systems. ISPs also use routers to connect their networks to the backbone network, enabling their customers to access the internet.